EFFECTIVENESS OF EARLY CARE TUTORING ON QUALITY OF LIFE, LIFESTYLE BEHAVIORS AND BIO PHYSIOLOGICAL OUTCOME AMONG OBESE ADOLESCENTS AND KNOWLEDGE ON OBESITY MANAGEMENT AMONG MOTHERS AT SELECTED SCHOOLS IN CHENNAI.

Background: The rising prevalence of adolescent obesity is associated with an increase in co-morbidities and Up to 4 three-fourth of children with overweight/obesity remain so in adulthood. . Objectives: 1.To assess and compare the level of Quality Of Life, Life Style Behaviors and Biophysiological Outcome among obese adolescents between experimental and control group. 2. To assess and compare the level of knowledge among obese adolescent's mothers between experimental and control group. 3. To assess the Effectiveness of Early Care Tutoring on Quality Of Life, Life Style Behaviors and Biophysiological Outcome among obese adolescents between experimental and control group. 4. To assess the Effectiveness of Early Care Tutoring on the level of knowledge among obese adolescent's mothers between experimental and control group. 5. To correlate the Mean differed score of Quality Of Life, Life Style Behaviors and Biophysiological Outcome among obese adolescents in experimental and control group. Methodology: A quasi experimental research design was adopted. After screening a total 20 elderly people, 10 for each experimental and control group were selected were selected by using non probability purposive sampling technique in a selected Schools. The pre test data was collected through the structured and modified tools for Quality of Life (QOL), Lifestyle behavoirs and Biophysiological out comes was given for a period of 4 weeks and post test was conducted. Collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Majority of the Results: adolsecents aged 14,female, first child of the family. Socioeconomical staus was upper class. All of them were residing in urban . distance from school was <1kn and using either bi-cycle or bike.The present study showed that there was an improvement between pre test and post test 2 and 3 in QOL and Lifestyle behaviors. Only BMI showed significance in post test 2 and 3, other anthropometrics were not significant. There was a correlation between QOL and LSB & QOL and BMI. Early care tutoring packages had a strong impact on adolescents' QOL, LSB and Biophysiologicaloutcomes. The overall statistically significant difference Conclusion: in the level Early Care Tutoring was effective and found to be significant in modifying the Quality of Life, Life style Behavior and biophysiological outcome among Obese Adolescents

Cambios morfoestructurales en soldados conscriptos después de cuatro semanas de entrenamiento físico básico / Morpho-structural changes in conscript soldiers after four weeks of basic physical training

Introducción: El entrenamiento físico en la formación militar tiene por objetivo desarrollar la preparación física y psicológica frente a condiciones ambientales adversas. Objetivo: Determinar los cambios en la composición corporal y el somatotipo, producto del periodo de entrenamiento físico básico, en la formación militar de cuatro semanas de duración en soldados conscriptos. Método: Se evaluaron 28 varones (edad: 18,9 ± 0,9 años; estatura: 1,75 ± 0,1 m; masa corporal: 67 ± 8,7 kg; índice de masa corporal: 22,5 ± 2,4 y 70,88 ± 26,57 de ∑6 pliegues) que ingresaron al periodo de formación militar en la Fuerza Aérea de Chile, Base Quintero. Se entregó un consentimiento informado previo a la realización del estudio y se siguieron las indicaciones establecidas en la declaraciónn de Helsinki. Los participantes fueron sometidos a un plan de entrenamiento físico con una duración de 4 semanas, en las instalaciones del centro militar. Resultados: Con posterioridad al entrenamiento físico, hubo una disminución significativa de la masa adiposa (p < 0,01), con un aumento de la masa muscular (p < 0,01). No se observaron diferencias significativas en los componentes del somatotipo (Pre: 3,29 - 4,78 - 2,59 vs. Post: 2,73 - 4,72 - 2,73; p = 0,24). Conclusiones: Se concluye que el entrenamiento físico en militares, durante un periodo corto de cuatro semanas, provoca cambios rápidos y significativos en la composición corporal de los soldados; cambios que no alcanzaron a observarse en el somatotipo(AU)

Introduction: The objective of physical training in military training is to develop physical and psychological preparation in adverse environmental conditions. Objective: Determine the changes in body composition and somatotype product of basic physical training in military training for four weeks in conscript soldiers. Methods: 28 men were evaluated (age: 18.9 ± 0.9 years; height: 1.75 ± 0.1 m; weight: 67 ± 8.7 kg; BMI: 22.5 ± 2.4 and ∑6 folds 70.88 ± 26.57) who entered the period of military training in the Chilean Air Force, Quintero headquarters. Informed consent was given before the study; the indications established in the Declaration of Helsinki were followed. The participants were incorporated into a physical training plan for 4 weeks. The program was carried out in the facilities of a military center. Results: After physical training there was a significant decrease in adipose mass (p<0.01) and an increase in muscle mass (p<0.01). There were no significant differences in the somatotype components (Pre: 3.29-4.78-2.59 vs. Post: 2.73-4.72-2.73; p = 0.24). Conclusion: It is concluded that physical training in the military, during a short period of four weeks, causes rapid and significant changes in the body composition of the subjects that are not observed with such clarity through the somatotype(AU)

Correlation Between Tsh And Body Mass Index In Male And Female Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is a syndrome resulting from thyroid hormone deficiency or rarely inefficacy. It is a common endocrinological problem affecting especially women and the elderly. Thyroid hormones play an important role in synthesis, metabolism and mobilization of lipids. One of the most important symptoms of hypothyroidism is weight gain or inability to lose weight. The rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity in the past 20 to 30 years emphasizes the important role of lifestyle and environmental factors, because genetic changes could not have occurred so rapidly. Obesity is a complicated process that depends on signals of satiety and hunger, genetics, endocrine abnormalities, and other factors. Our study purposes to investigate the relationship between BMI and thyroid function in patients of subclinical hypothyroidism. Objective of this study is to correlate thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH) and body mass index (BMI) in male and female patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. This cross sectional study included 42 Subclinical hypothyroid patients, both males and females between 20-45 years of age and without a history of alcohol or tobacco consumption, history of any cardiovascular disorders or diabetes mellitus and any drug history like corticosteroids, beta blockers. and TSH test estimated by VITROS 5600 integrated analyzer and correlated with body mass index. The results showed a positive Correlation analysis in subclinical Hypothyroid males between BMI and TSH, (r= 0.47), which was found to be statistically significant (p=0.02*) in case of subclinical Hypothyroid females the results indicated positive correlation between BMI and TSH (r= 0.58) which was found to be statistically significant (p=0.005*). A strong positive correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH).

A Study on the Three-Year Weight Changes of Workers at a Manufacturing Company and the Comparison of Metabolic Syndrome Diagnosis Components: Focused on the Data of Korean National Health Screening (2015~2017) / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study aims to provide preliminary data for weight management, and prevention and management of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. We examined the effect of changes in the weight of workers at a manufacturing company over three years on their metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome diagnosis components.METHODS: Necessary data were collected from the questionnaire and the results of the Korean National Health Screening of 2015 and 2017, which included 228 workers at a manufacturing company in G region. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. ANCOVA was used to examine the differences in the metabolic syndrome diagnosis components according to weight change. In addition, multiple logistic regression analysis was used to obtain the odds ratios of metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome analysis component, based on the weight changes in the normal weight group and the obesity group.RESULTS: Waist measure, systolic blood pressure, and blood pressure were found to have significant effects based on participants' weight change over three years. These factors increased with a larger increase in weight at a statistically significant level. This study analyzed the weight changes of the normal weight group and the obesity group considering the data from the National Health Screening of 2015, and found that the risk of metabolic syndrome increased at a statistically significant level as body weight increased; thus, the obesity group showed a higher risk in this regard. It was also found that waist measure, fasting blood sugar, and high-density low cholesterol increased at a statistically significant level as body weight increased.CONCLUSION: Health administrators need to recognize the importance of workers' weight management, select an intensive management group based on a time series analysis of weight changes, and develop and implement programs to manage the metabolic syndrome diagnosis components.

Prostate Cancer and Androgen Deprivation Therapy: Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Psychological Side Effects.

Exposure to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) by prostate cancer (PCa) patients is increasing, either in early-stage and in metastatic disease. Frequently, ADT becomes a long-term treatment, lasting even more than 10 years, starting with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists or antagonists, until the newest hormonal treatments as Abiraterone and Enzalutamide. As a consequence, ADT related adverse events occurred. We reviewed the medical literature using Pubmed search terms “prostate cancer”, “androgen deprivation”, “metabolic syndrome”, “cardiovascular diseases” and “psychological assessment”. The search was limited to manuscripts published in English language between 1999 and 2016, preferring more recent review articles. Metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, rather than PCa itself, are the most common causes of mortality, particularly in early stage PCa patients. All these adverse eff ects synergistically increase morbidity in patients taking ADT. Psychological-cognitive implications emerging during ADT result in a signifi cant reduction of health-related quality of life of PCa patients. ADT is associated with several adverse events, which physicians andpatients should evaluate when recommending ADT. Multidisciplinary approach, with diff erent clinicians such as Urologist, Radiotherapist, Oncologist, Endocrinologist, Cardiologist, Psychologist, is mandatory for the suitable clinical management of patients with PCa submitted to ADT.

Vegetarian Diets: Health Benefits and Associated Risks.

Recently, vegetarian diets have experienced an increase in popularity. A growing body of scientific evidence indicates that wholesome vegetarian diets offer distinct advantages compared to diets containing meat and other foods of animal origin. A vegetarian diet may be adopted for various reasons that can include ecological, economic, religious, ethical, and health considerations. In the latter case they arise from the desire to lose weight, in tackling obesity, improving physical fitness and/or in reducing the risk of acquiring certain diseases. It has been shown that properly applied vegetarian diet is the most effective way of reducing body mass (expressed as BMI), improving the plasma lipid profile and in decreasing the incidence of high arterial blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, stroke, metabolic syndrome and arteriosclerosis. In addition, improved insulin sensitivity together with lower rates of diabetes and cancer has been observed. Some studies have however found that a vegetarian diet may result in changes adversely affecting the body. These include: hyperhomocysteinemia, protein deficiency anemia, decreased creatinine content in muscles and menstrual disruption in women who undertake increased physical activity. Some of these changes may decrease the ability for performing activities that require physical effort. Nevertheless, on balance it can be reasonably concluded that the beneficial effects of a vegetarian diet significantly, by far, outweigh the adverse ones. It should also be noted that the term ‘vegetarian diet’ is not always clearly defined in the literature and it may include many dietary variations.

Assessment of overweight, obesity and metabolic variables among students of a private medical college in Dhaka city.

Background: Overweight and obesity are recognized as recent threat which affecting both developing and developed countries. Obesity and its associated morbidities are leading cause of most non-communicable diseases. Few recent studies have indicated the presence of increase in overweight and obesity among children and adolescent but there is no study among adult groups. Method and material: This cross sectional study was done to assess the prevalence of overweight, obesity and metabolic variables with their relation among medical students. Result: Our result reveals that 8.6% & 1.9% male and 15% & 3.2% female are suffering from overweight and obesity (based on BMI) respectively. More females (31.3% and 65.2%) are centrally obese than males (3.5% and 34.8%) (According to Waist Hip ratio and Waist Height ratio respectively). But according to Waist circumference more males (30.7%) are obese than females (24%). There is also significant difference of male and female BP. DBP and SBP of male (79.22mmHg & 118.9 mmHg) have high normal level than female (72.71mmHg and 108.67mmHg) (P<0.001). There is no significant difference of glycaemic status (p<.286) and lipid profile (p<.347) with central obesity. Conclusion: Although male students have high upper level of blood pressure, female students are more obese than males (both according to BMI and central obesity). High blood pressure and obesity both acts as risk factors for the development of non communicable disease. Student’s awareness therefore should be increased to reduce central obesity and BP within normal range.

Forced Vital Capacity in Obese Females.

Obesity is increasing global problem. It is associated with various life threatening and metabolic problems. It’s effect on CVS, endocrine liver diseases have been studied many times. The present study was planned to assess Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) in obese females. A total 100 obese and 102 non obese females (21-65 years) were recruited in this study. Obesity was determined by BMI (Body Mass Index), Percentage of body fat, and WHR (Waist Hip Ratio). FVC was recorded on a computerized Medspiror. Obese females showed decrease in FVC (Forced Vital Capacity) as compared to non obese one. This indicates that obesity affects pulmonary functions with manifestation of restrictive ventilatory defect.

Prevalência de excesso de peso entre estudantes de ensino fundamental de escola pública e privada em Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brasil / Prevalence of overweight among students of public and private elementary and middle schools in Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil / Prevalencia de sobrepeso entre los estudiantes de primaria en escuelas públicas y privadas en Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brasil

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em um grupo de estudantes e investigar se há correlacão entre IMC (índice de massa corporal) e renda familiar. Métodos: Estudo tipo transversal, realizado com 213 estudantes do ensino fundamental de escola pública (EPU) e privada (EPR), com idade entre 10 e 14 anos, aprovado pelo comitê de ética local e mediante assinatura do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido pelos estudantes e os responsáveis por eles. Os estudantes foram pesados e medidos e o IMC foi calculado; os dados foram avaliados com base nos gráficos da OMS para IMC conforme o sexo. Os estudantes responderam ao questionário socioeconômico segundo o critério da ABEP. A análise dos dados foi realizada usando o programa SPSS. Foi adotado nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Prevalência global de excesso de peso (sobrepeso) na amostra estudada foi de 41,3%. Na comparação dos resultados isolados, a frequência de excesso de peso foi maior em alunos da escola particular (47,3%) do que nos da escola pública (32,1%), com significância estatística (p=0,03). A frequência de excesso de peso nos meninos da EPR foi maior do que nos da EPU (23,3% versus 14,3%; p=0,05). Nas meninas, verificou-se a mesma tendência, sem, todavia, significância estatística (24,0% versus 17,9%; p=0,18). Houve correlação positiva entre IMC e renda familiar (r=0,14, p=0,04). Conclusão: Cerca de 40% dos estudantes entrevistados apresentaram excesso de peso, com prevalência maior entre os meninos da escola particular. É relevante o desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção da obesidade em todos os níveis da sociedade, pois há potenciais riscos à saúde na vida adulta.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a sample of students and investigate the correlation between BMI (body mass index) and family income. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted with 213 primary school students of public (PUS) and private (PRS) schools, aged between 10 and 14 years. This study was approved by the local Ethics Committee, and students and parents who were willing to participate could only do it by signing a consent form. Students were weighed and measured, and the BMI was calculated, the resulting data were evaluated according to the WHO BMI charts related to sex. The students answered a questionnaire on socioeconomic status according to the 'ABEP' charts. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, with 5% significance level. Results: The total prevalence of overweight in the sample studied was of 41.3%. Comparing the individual results, the frequency of overweight was higher for private school (47.3%) than for public school (32.1%) children, with statistical significance (p=0.03). The frequency of overweight among PRS boys was higher than among the PUS boys (23.3% versus 14.3%, p=0.05). In girls, the same trend was observed, but with no statistical significance (24.0% versus 17.9%, p=0.18). There was a positive correlation between BMI and family income (r=0.14, p=0.04). Conclusion: About 40% of the students who participated in the study were overweight, with higher prevalence among private school boys. It is important to establish strategies to prevent obesity at all levels of society, considering the potential health risks for those overweight children when they reach adulthood.

Objetivo: Los objetivos de esto estudio fueron evaluar la prevalencia del sobrepeso y obesidad en una muestra de estudiantes e investigar si hay correlación entre el IMC (índice de masa corporal) y el ingreso familiar. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en 213 estudiantes del primaria de escuela pública (EPU) y privada (EPR), con edades comprendidas entre 10 y 14 años. Este estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética local, mediante la firma de un consentimiento informado, libre y claro, por los estudiantes y sus padres. Los estudiantes fueron pesados y medidos y se calculó el IMC; los datos resultantes fueron evaluados de acuerdo con los gráficos de la OMS para IMC para hombres y mujeres. Los estudiantes respondieron a un cuestionario sobre la situación socioeconómica a discreción de ABEP. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante el programa SPSS, con el nivel de significancia de 5%. Resultados y discusión: La prevalencia global de sobrepeso en la muestra estudiada fue de 41,3%. Comparando los resultados de forma aislada, la frecuencia de sobrepeso fue significativamente mayor (p=0,03) para los alumnos de las escuelas privadas (47,3%) que para los de escuela pública (32,1%). La frecuencia de sobrepeso entre los varones de EPR fue mayor que entre los de la EPU (23,3% versus 14,3%, p=0,05). Se observó la misma tendencia para las niñas pero sin significación estadística (24,0% versus 17,9%; p=0,18). Se observó una correlación positiva entre el IMC y el ingreso familiar (r=0,14, p=0,04). Conclusión: Alrededor del 40% de los estudiantes encuestados tenían sobrepeso, con mayor frecuencia entre los niños de la escuela privada. Es relevante el desarrollo de estrategias para prevenir la obesidad en todos los niveles de la sociedad, teniendo en cuenta los riesgos potenciales para la salud en la edad adulta.

Comparación entre referencias del IMC, para obesidad y sobrepeso, en niños de tres ciudades de Venezuela / Comparison between references of the BMI, for obesity and overweight prevalence, in children of three cities of Venezuela

Considerando que el grupo de edad 5 a 19 años, el más vulnerable, y que la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad infantil se ha incrementado en los últimos años, a tal punto que la OMS la declaró “la epidemia del nuevo siglo”; y si se tiene que en Venezuela se ha publicado que para el año 2004 el porcentaje de sobrepeso se ubicó en el orden del 13,7%. Además está el hecho que la obesidad y el sobrepeso, de acuerdo con reporte de la OMS (2006), tienen gra ves consecuencias para la salud, y el riesgo aumenta a medida que lo hace el IMC, por cuanto constituye un factor de riesgo de enfermedades crónicas, como enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes mellitus, entre otras. El objetivo del estudio es obtener el IMC para un grupo de niños, utilizando varios métodos y comparar los resultados en cuanto a la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad. Se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria de 304 niños y adolescentes de las ciudades de Caracas, Mérida y Valencia, de 6 a 18 años, se obtuvo el IMC mediante los métodos del Center for Desease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2000), percentil ≥ 85 y < 95, Riesgo de sobrepeso, percentil ≥ 95, Obesidad; b) los valores propuestos por Cole et al, IMC para edad y género, percentil > 85 Sobrepeso y > 95 Obesidad; y c) los criterios sugeridos por OMS, > + 1DE, Sobrepeso y ≥ + 2ED Obesidad. Los resultados revelan que los tres métodos dan origen a resultados diferentes; sin embargo concuerdan con resultados obtenidos en otros estudios.

Considering the Group between 5 and 19 years old, the most vulnerable, and that the prevalence of overweight and childhood obesity has increased in recent years, to the point that the WHO declared “New Century Epidemic”; and considering that in Venezuela has been published for the year 2004 the percentage of overweight it’s ranked in 13.7%. Also it is the fact that obesity and overweight, according to a WHO report (2006), who have serious health consequences, and the risk increases as does it the BMI, what constitutes a risk factor for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and other. The stydy aims to obtain the BMI to a group of children, using several methods and compare the results on the prevalence of overweight and obesity. It were considerer 304 children and adolescents from Caracas, Mérida and Valencia, 6 - 18 years, and obtained the BMI, using the methods of the Cen - ter for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2000), percentile ≥ 85 and < 95, risk of overweight, percentile ≥ 95, obe sity; b) values proposed by Cole et al, BMI for age and gender, percentile > 85 overweight and > 95 obesity; and c) the criteria suggested by WHO, > +1DE, overweight and ≥ 2ED obesity. The results reveal that the three methods give rise to different results; however agree with results obtained in other studies.

Relationship between dietary sodium, potassium, and calcium, anthropometric indexes, and blood pressure in young and middle aged Korean adults

Epidemiological evidence of the effects of dietary sodium, calcium, and potassium, and anthropometric indexes on blood pressure is still inconsistent. To investigate the relationship between dietary factors or anthropometric indexes and hypertension risk, we examined the association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) with sodium, calcium, and potassium intakes and anthropometric indexes in 19~49-year-olds using data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) III. Total of 2,761 young and middle aged adults (574 aged 19~29 years and 2,187 aged 30~49 years) were selected from KNHANES III. General information, nutritional status, and anthropometric data were compared between two age groups (19~29 years old and 30~49 years old). The relevance of blood pressure and risk factors such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), weight, waist circumference, and the intakes of sodium, potassium, and calcium was determined by multiple regression analysis. Multiple regression models showed that waist circumference, weight, and BMI were positively associated with SBP and DBP in both age groups. Sodium and potassium intakes were not associated with either SBP or DBP. Among 30~49-year-olds, calcium was inversely associated with both SBP and DBP (P = 0.012 and 0.010, respectively). Our findings suggest that encouraging calcium consumption and weight control may play an important role in the primary prevention and management of hypertension in early adulthood.

Percepción del peso corporal y estrategias utilizadas para controlarlo, en adultos costarricenses / Body weight perception and strategies used to control body weight among Costa Rican adults

Justificación: La obesidad se considera un problema de salud pública. La encuesta directa es el método más utilizado para generar información al respecto, pero su alto costo económico limita obtener datos periódicos. Se han experimentado otros métodos de recolección de información; entre ellos la encuesta telefónica se concibe como una opción válida de costo menor. Objetivo: Explorar la percepción del peso corporal de adultos costarricenses y las estrategias utilizadas para controlarlo, mediante el análisis de la información obtenida en la primera Encuesta Telefónica de Salud del IDESPO. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Se elaboraron preguntas abiertas sobre conocimiento, percepción y estrategias sobre peso corporal, que se incorporaron en la primera Encuesta Telefónica de Salud del IDESPO. Resultados: El 50,3 por ciento y 42 por ciento de los sujetos se percibieron con peso normal y peso alto o muy alto, respectivamente. Las principales estrategias para perder el peso: hacer ejercicio, 29,4 por ciento, cambios en la alimentación; 42 por ciento de los hombres y 44 por ciento de las mujeres reportaron "no hacer nada". Al contrastar la percepción del peso con el IMC estimado, más del 25 por ciento de mujeres y 34 por ciento de hombres que se percibieron con peso normal presentaron sobrepeso. Conclusiones: La metodología de encuesta telefónica introduce una subestimación en la percepción del exceso de peso conforme avanza la edad. La encuesta telefónica no sustituye las encuestas directas, pero se visualiza como alternativa para generar información sobre factores de riesgo cardiovascular. El reto próximo será validarla en nuestro contexto.

Rationale: Obesity is considered a public-health problem. A direct survey is the method most-frequently used to generate relevant information but its high economic cost doesn´t allow obtaining periodic data. Other methods of collecting information have been tried and, among these, the telephone survey is seen as a valid option at lower cost.Objective: To explore the perception of body-weight among Costa Rican adults as well as the strategies used to control this variable by analyzing information obtained in the First Telephone Health Survey conducted by IDESPO (The Institute for Social Studies in Populations.) Methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out. Open questions were developed having to do with knowledge, perception and strategies to deal with body-weight. These were incorporated into the Health Survey mentioned above.Results: 50.3 % and 42% of the subjects, respectively, had a self-perception of normal weight or of high - very high weight. The main weight-loss strategies were: doing exercise (29.4%), changes in diet and no special strategy (the latter as admitted by 42% of men and 44% of women). When comparison of self-perception of weight with estimated BMI was done, more than 25% of females and more than 34% of males of those thinking they had normal weight were actually overweight. Conclusions: a telephone-survey methodology introduces an underestimate in the self-perception of overweight according to age. While telephone surveys do not substitute direct surveys, they can be seen an an alternative to generate information about cardiovascular risk factors. The next challenge will to validate these surveys in Costa Rica.

Nutritional Environment Influences Hypertension in the Middle-aged Korean Adults: based on 1998 & 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was performed to delineate the relationship between lifestyle and nutritional risk factors associated with hypertension in representative middle-aged Korean population. Hypertension in this study is defined as hypertensive (SBP> or = 140 mmHg or DBP> or = 90 mmHg) adults without recognition of a disease state before a health exam. With data from the 1998 and 2001 National Health and Nutritional Survey, nutrient intakes of 6,112 adults, 40-64 years of age were calculated using food composition database and matched with health examination records by individual ID. After excluding those with extreme intake values, the number of final subjects included in the analysis was 5,200 (male 2,458, female 2,742). Using logistic regression method, socio-demographic data, lifestyle factors, and nutrient intakes were analyzed. Risky factors for hypertension revealed in this study were age, sex, BMI over 23, waist circumference, alcohol intake of more than 16 g (male) or 8 g (female). Regarding nutrient intakes, the intakes of highest quartile for energy (> or = 2363.0 kcal) and protein (> or = 90.2 g) were significantly associated with higher risk of hypertension after adjusting for age, sex, and other socio-demographic factors (OR = 1.312 (1.046-1.711), OR = 1.488(1.194-1.854), respectively)). Although high intakes of sodium (> or = 6604.0 mg) and phosphorus seemed to be risk factors of hypertension also before energy adjustment (OR = 1.278(1.034-1.581), OR = 1.280(1.024 -1.600), respectively), only high intakes of energy and protein remained significant after adjustment. This study revealed that modifying risky lifestyles and dietary patterns, especially high energy intake, high protein intake, and high alcohol drinking, in middle-aged Korean adults could result in a prevalence decrease and/or prevention of hypertension.

Correlation of the Body Mass Index with the Rates of Postoperative Wound Complications in Gastric Cancer Patients

PURPOSE: We assumed that an obese patient has a high rate of postoperative wounds, but there is no objective data showing the relationship between the body mass index (BMI) and the rate of postoperative wounds in Korea. We describe the relationship of BMI and rates of postoperative wound complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From September 2005 to February 2006, 772 patients undergoing elective gastrectomy surgery due to gastric cancer were enrolled in a retrospective study to measure postoperative wound complications. A preoperative history, physical examination and daily progress notes were reviewed retrospectively from the medical records. Postoperative wound complications were detected from the elective medical record and from a doctor in charge statement. RESULTS: The total number of patients was 772, the mean age of the patients was 57+/-11.2 years and the sex ratio (male/female) was 1.82:1. Postoperative wound complication rates were different among the BMI groups (BMI25 kg/m2), and patients with a BMI>25 kg/m2 that underwent gastrectomy had a significantly higher wound complication rate (4.6%) than underweight and normal weight patients (0.9% and 1.6%, respectively) (P=0.038). CONCLUSION: Overall, there was a statistical correlation between BMI and the postoperative wound complication rate. Overweight (BMI>25 kg/m2) patients that underwent gastrectomy had a higher wound complication rate than normal body weight (BMI< or =25 kg/m2) patients. Further studies will be required with a larger population and prospectively designed study considering other factors that affect the wound complication rate.

A Study of the Pregnancy Weight Gains of Noncomplicated Primiparas and Multiparas / 대한주산의학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: To establish the biweekly standard values of pregnancy weight gains for primiparas and multiparas, and to investigate the influence of prepregnancy body mass index on biweekly weight gain during pregnancy. METHODS: We analyzed the biweekly weight gain data from 536 primiparas and 114 multiparas who had noncomplicated singleton term pregnancy. Data was categorized according to parity and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: Biweekly weight gain was significantly different among prepregnancy BMI groups from the 15th week but was not different between primiparas and multiparas. CONCLUSION: To prevent a lot of complications which may be associated with abnormal weight gain during pregnancy, more careful prenatal care according to the prepregnancy BMI groups is needed. To establish the Korean standard value for antenatal weight gain, a nationwide multicenter study is needed.

A study of the biweekly weight gains of noncomplicated pregnancies / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To establish the standard values for proper antenatal weight gain, biweekly mean weight gains, standard deviations were calculated from the 5th to the 42nd gestational week and their percentiles were determined. And the influence of prepregnancy body mass index and/or parity on biweekly weight gain was investigated. METHODS: We analyzed the biweekly weight gain data from 910 women who had noncomplicated singleton term pregnancy. Data was categorized in three groups according to body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: The biweekly weight gain table has been determined and 'Sigmoid(S) shaped' weight gain curves were presented. Primipara and multipara have significantly less weight gain than nullipara beyond the 25th weeks. Biweekly weight gain was significantly different among prepregnancy BMI groups from the 13th week. CONCLUSION: More careful prenatal care according to the biweekly weight gain-gestational week tables is needed to prevent a lot of complications which may be associated with abnormal weight gain during pregnancy. To establish Korean standard value for antenatal weight gain, a nationwide multicenter study is needed.

Risk Factors for the Progression of Age-related Incipient Cataract

PURPOSE: To investigate risk factors for the progression of age-related incipient cataract. METHODS: Among patients who visited the authors' clinic (SNUH) from Jun 2002 to Jan 2003 for age-related incipient cataract, those meeting one of the following two criteria were recruited: 1) non-progressive group: BCVA (best corrected visual acuity) decrease by two lines or less for 5 years or more according to Snellen's chart, 2) progressive group: BCVA decrease by four lines or more in 5 years or less. Age, sex, regular exercise, smoking, drinking, anti-cataract eyedrops, duration of menopause, hormone replacement therapy, weight, height, and BMI (body mass index) were investigated by questionnaire and compared between the two groups. If both eyes met the eligibility criteria, one eye was randomly selected. RESULTS: There were not statistically significant differences regarding age, sex, anti-cataract eyedrops application, regular exercise, duration of menopause and hormone replacement therapy, smoking, drinking, weight, and height. However, the mean BMI of the progressive group was significantly higher than that of the non-progressive group (p=0.041, Student t-test). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with age-related incipient cataract, high BMI may be related to more rapid progression of incipient cataract, thus resulting in faster visual loss.

Body Mass Index (BMI) in Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: To describe the relationship between BMI (body mass index: weight in kilograms/height in meter(2)) and final Stulberg outcome in LCP disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data of a total of 255 unilaterally involved patients (bone age> or =6 years, average age at induction: 7.8 years) were studied. The non-surgical treatment group involved; a) no treatment (20), b) brace (83), c) range of motion (ROM) exercise (62), while surgical treatment included either a) femoral osteotomy (38), or b) Salter innominate osteotomy (52). Treatment result was as follows: Stulberg I (20), II (88), III (96), IV (49), V (2). RESULTS: 1) A weak correlation was founded between BMI and Stulberg outcomes in the whole study group (Spearman correlation 0.11; p=0.078). The mean BMI of the Stulberg IV&V (poor) groups was significantly greater than that of those in the Stulberg I&II (good) and III (fair) group (p=0.011). 2) BMI was related to Stulberg outcome in the brace and range of motion groups (Spearman correlation 0.17; p=0.045). The mean BMI of the Stulberg IV&V group was significantly greater than that of Stulberg I&II group in the brace & ROM groups (p=0.017). However, these statistical significances were not found in the surgery and no-treatment groups. CONCLUSION: BMI may play a role in the Stulberg outcome. A higher BMI is associated with a poorer outcome, especially in patients treated by brace or ROM.

Biochemical and Psychiatric Approach for "Kyou-kyou-kuman" / 日本東洋医学雑誌

We attempted to analyze “Kyo-kyo-kuman, ” using biochemical and psychiatric approaches. One hundred and twenty patients (23 males, 97 females) with a mean age of 42.4±16.2 years were evaluated for their levels of Kyo-kyo-kuman, using blood biochemical tests, depression levels as measured by Zung's Self Depression Scale (SDS), and subjective well-being levels as measured by the Subjective Well-being Inventory (SUBI) scale. Ninety-three patients (77.5%) had the Kyo-kyo-kuman. Plasma creatinine level and a score of factor 11 (general well-being-negative affect) of SUBI were significantly lower in patients who had the right Kyo-kyo-kuman than in patients who did not have the right Kyo-kyo-kuman. Scores of factor 9 (perceived illhealth) and factor 11 of SUBI were significantly lower in patients who had the left Kyo-kyo-kuman than in patients who did not have the left Kyo-kyo-kuman. In conclusion, patients under the strong stressors tended to have Kyo-kyo-kuman.

Correlation Among Waist to Hip Ratio, Body Fat, BMI, Weight and Serum Lipids in Obese College Women / 간호학회지

The purpose of this study was to investigate the waist to hip ratio, body fat, BMI(Body Mass Index), weight, serum lipids and to examine the correlation between waist to hip ratio, body fat, BMI(Body Mass Index), weight and serum lipids in obese college women. The subject were 52 college women with a score above 25 on the BMI, between March and May of 2000 at G Women's University. Data has been analyzed by SPSS/PC using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The result of this study are as follows : 1. The mean of body weight and height of the subjects were 72.38kg, 160.23cm. 2. The mean of waist to hip ratio was 0.88, body fat was 38.88%, BMI(Body Mass Index) was 28.15, the level of total cholesterol was 174.88mg/dl, triglyceride was 104.29mg/dl, HDL-cholesterol was 50.83mg/dl, LDL-cholesterol was 104.23mg/dl. 3.Waist to hip ratio was more significantly correlated to triglyceride(r=.34, P<.05) and BMI(Body Mass Index) was more significantly correlated to triglyceride(r=.30, P<.05).